Move the database to Postgres, before teams need the schema

First step of #1, and it goes first for one reason: #4 adds a team_id to
nearly every table, and doing that twice -- once for SQLite, once for
Postgres -- is work nobody gets paid for. The teams migrations now only
have to be written against one database.

The ten SQLite migrations are replaced by a single Postgres baseline
rather than ported one by one. They were incremental in a way that has
no value on a fresh install: 004 adds columns 008 drops again, and 008's
backfill rewrites data a Postgres database never had. The history stays
in git; the schema they add up to is now 001_baseline.sql.

Timestamps stay BIGINT unix seconds and are NOT converted to timestamptz.
Everything in Go already speaks epochs, so converting would have been a
second, larger change riding along inside this one. It is worth doing on
its own. The JSON columns did move to jsonb, because #4 will want to
filter and index on labels.

Most of the port is mechanical -- 170 placeholders from ? to $1 -- but
four things needed more than a search and replace:

  * Dynamically built WHERE clauses cannot keep their numbering straight
    by hand, so they hand out placeholders through sqlArgs instead. A
    filter can now be added or reordered without renumbering anything.

  * SUM(resolved_at IS NULL) was SQLite counting a boolean as 0 or 1.
    Postgres has no sum(boolean), and this was breaking every dead man's
    switch -- silently, since the sweeper only logs. Now COUNT(*) FILTER.

  * unixepoch() became FLOOR(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM now()))::bigint. The
    FLOOR is load-bearing: a bare cast rounds half up, so a row written
    at .6 of a second claimed a timestamp a second in the future and
    disagreed with the time.Now().Unix() the Go side stamps.

  * The unique-violation check matched SQLite's error text. It matches
    SQLSTATE 23505 now, so a renamed constraint cannot turn a 409 back
    into a 500.

Tests need a real Postgres, because there is no in-memory Postgres the
way there was an in-memory SQLite. Each test gets its own schema on a
shared server -- cheaper than a database each, and still isolated.
TERDUT_TEST_DSN says where it is; `make test-db` starts one locally and
ci.yaml runs one as a service container. An unset DSN fails the suite
rather than skipping it: a run that quietly tests nothing is worse than
one that does not run.

TestMigration_BackfillCarriesAckAndComments is deleted along with the
migrations it replayed. What it protected -- an upgrade not losing
acknowledgements and comments -- now belongs to scripts/sqlite-to-postgres.go,
which is build-tagged so the SQLite driver stays out of the server
binary. Both are meant to be deleted once this install has migrated.

The chart loses the PVC, the data volume and the python backup sidecar,
and requires database.dsnSecret.name: it provisions no database and
cannot guess where the credentials live, so a render without it is meant
to fail. Backups move to where Postgres actually runs. The other half of
that -- the postgresql CR, the k8up pg_dump annotation and the network
policy -- is a change to the wrapper chart in Ryuvia/charts and is not in
here.

Verified rather than assumed: the gate is green with -race against
Postgres 17, govulncheck and gitleaks are clean, and the migration script
was run end to end against a SQLite database built at the old schema and
seeded in every table. Ids survive, so incidents keep their numbers and
every foreign key still points where it did; the identity sequences are
moved past the copied ids, and a webhook after the migration opened
incident 12 rather than colliding at 1.

internal/db/db.go

@@ -7,24 +7,32 @@ import (
 	"io/fs"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
-	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
+	_ "github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/stdlib"
 )
 
 //go:embed migrations
 var migrationsFS embed.FS
 
-func Open(path string) (*sql.DB, error) {
-	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite", path)
+// Open connects to Postgres. dsn is a libpq connection string or URL, e.g.
+// postgres://terdut:secret@localhost:5432/terdut?sslmode=disable.
+//
+// The pool is modest on purpose: this server's concurrency comes from a handful
+// of HTTP handlers plus two background loops, and a cloud-native-pg instance
+// sized for it has a low max_connections. It is still a pool, unlike the single
+// connection SQLite forced, so the notifier no longer blocks a webhook.
+func Open(dsn string) (*sql.DB, error) {
+	if dsn == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("empty DSN: set TERDUT_DB_DSN")
+	}
+	db, err := sql.Open("pgx", dsn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	// SQLite does not support concurrent writers; a single connection avoids locking errors.
-	db.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
-	if _, err := db.Exec("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL; PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;"); err != nil {
-		db.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set pragmas: %w", err)
-	}
+	db.SetMaxOpenConns(10)
+	db.SetMaxIdleConns(5)
+	db.SetConnMaxLifetime(time.Hour)
 	if err := db.Ping(); err != nil {
 		db.Close()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ping: %w", err)
@@ -32,10 +40,16 @@ func Open(path string) (*sql.DB, error) {
 	return db, nil
 }
 
+// Migrate applies every embedded migration that has not been applied yet, in
+// filename order, recording each in schema_migrations.
+//
+// Each file runs inside a transaction, which SQLite's version did not do: a
+// migration that failed half way used to leave the schema in whatever state it
+// had reached. Postgres has transactional DDL, so the rollback is real.
 func Migrate(db *sql.DB) error {
 	if _, err := db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS schema_migrations (
 		version    TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-		applied_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+		applied_at BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT FLOOR(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM now()))::bigint
 	)`); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create schema_migrations: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -55,7 +69,7 @@ func Migrate(db *sql.DB) error {
 
 	for _, name := range files {
 		var count int
-		if err := db.QueryRow("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM schema_migrations WHERE version = ?", name).Scan(&count); err != nil {
+		if err := db.QueryRow("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM schema_migrations WHERE version = $1", name).Scan(&count); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("check migration %s: %w", name, err)
 		}
 		if count > 0 {
@@ -67,13 +81,28 @@ func Migrate(db *sql.DB) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("read migration %s: %w", name, err)
 		}
 
-		if _, err := db.Exec(string(data)); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("apply migration %s: %w", name, err)
-		}
-
-		if _, err := db.Exec("INSERT INTO schema_migrations (version) VALUES (?)", name); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("record migration %s: %w", name, err)
+		if err := applyMigration(db, name, string(data)); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func applyMigration(db *sql.DB, name, body string) error {
+	tx, err := db.Begin()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("begin migration %s: %w", name, err)
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+
+	if _, err := tx.Exec(body); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply migration %s: %w", name, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := tx.Exec("INSERT INTO schema_migrations (version) VALUES ($1)", name); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("record migration %s: %w", name, err)
+	}
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("commit migration %s: %w", name, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}